14.1 A Final Render

src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::BufWriter;
 
+use rand::{rng, Rng};
+
 use crate::hittable::HittableList;
 use crate::material::{Dielectric, Lambertian, MaterialKind, Metal};
 use crate::ppm_writer::PPMWriter;
@@ -22,12 +24,12 @@ fn main() {
 
 fn camera_render() {
 
-    let fov: f32 = 60.;
+    let fov: f32 = 90.;
     let scale = 1;
-    let width: i32 = 800/scale;
+    let width: i32 = 1920/scale;
-    let height: i32 = 600/scale;
+    let height: i32 = 1080/scale;
     let sample_times = 50;
-    let reflect_depth = 20;
+    let reflect_depth = 64;
 
 
     let pw_r = PPMWriter::new(
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ fn camera_render() {
         fov,
         width,
         width as f32 / height as f32,
-        Point::new(-2.0, 0.0, -1.0),
+        Point::new(-0.0, 5.0, 5.0),
         Point::new(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
         Vec3::new(0., 1., 0.),
         sample_times,
@@ -55,23 +57,60 @@ fn camera_render() {
     // world objects(spheres)
     let mut world = HittableList::new();
 
-    let plane_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.899, 0.899, 0.999)}));
+    let plane_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.508, 0.508, 0.508)}));
-    // let plane2_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.784,0.784,0.784)}));
+    // // let plane2_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.784,0.784,0.784)}));
-    let center_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.2, 0.5, 0.5)}));
+    // let center_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.2, 0.5, 0.5)}));
-    let left_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.799, 0.599, 0.799), fuzz: 0.0005}));
+    // let left_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.799, 0.599, 0.799), fuzz: 0.0005}));
-    let left_behind_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.799, 0.599, 0.599)}));
+    // let left_behind_m = Some(MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian{albedo: Color::new(0.799, 0.599, 0.599)}));
-    let right_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), fuzz: 0.003}));
+    // let right_m = Some(MaterialKind::Metal(Metal{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), fuzz: 0.003}));
-    // 折射率 1.33
+    // // 折射率 1.33
-    let left_dia_m = Some(MaterialKind::Dielectric(Dielectric{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), refraction_index: 1.00 / 1.33}));
+    // let left_dia_m = Some(MaterialKind::Dielectric(Dielectric{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), refraction_index: 1.00 / 1.33}));
-    let left_dia_small_m = Some(MaterialKind::Dielectric(Dielectric{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), refraction_index: 1.00 / 2.5}));
+    // let left_dia_small_m = Some(MaterialKind::Dielectric(Dielectric{albedo: Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), refraction_index: 1.00 / 2.5}));
 
-    world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(0.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, center_m)));
+    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(0.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, center_m)));
-    world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, left_dia_m)));
+    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, left_dia_m)));
-    world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.2, left_dia_small_m)));
+    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.2, left_dia_small_m)));
-    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, left_m)));
+    // // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, left_m)));
-    world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-3.5,    1.5, -5.5), 1.5, left_behind_m)));
+    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(-3.5,    1.5, -5.5), 1.5, left_behind_m)));
-    world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, right_m)));
+    // world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(1.0,    0.0, -1.0), 0.5, right_m)));
     world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(0.0, -500.5, -1.0), 500.0, plane_m)));
 
+    gen_spheres(&mut world);
+
     camera.render(&world);
 }
+
+
+fn gen_spheres(world: &mut HittableList) {
+    let rng = &mut rng();
+
+    for _ in 0..500 {
+        let x = rng.random_range(-20..20);
+        let z = rng.random_range(-20..20);
+
+        let radius = rng.random_range(0.01..0.8);
+
+        // R = random(0.7, 0.95)  # 红通道
+        // G = random(R - 0.2, R + 0.2)  # 绿通道（与 R 相近）
+        // B = random(min(R, G) - 0.15, max(R, G) + 0.15)  # 蓝通道（与 R/G 相近）
+        // 基础值在 0.7~0.95 之间
+        let base:f32 = rng.random_range(0.7..0.95);
+        // 每个通道在 base 附近小幅波动（±0.15）
+        let r: f32 = rng.random_range((base - 0.15).max(0.6)..(base + 0.15).min(1.0));
+        let g: f32 = rng.random_range((base - 0.15).max(0.6)..(base + 0.15).min(1.0));
+        let b: f32 = rng.random_range((base - 0.15).max(0.6)..(base + 0.15).min(1.0));
+
+        let materail_color = Color::new(r,g, b);
+
+        let materail_kind =  rng.random_range(0.0..1.0);
+        let material = if materail_kind <= 0.33333 {
+            MaterialKind::Lambertian(Lambertian { albedo: materail_color })
+        } else if materail_kind > 0.3 && materail_kind <= 0.66666 {
+            MaterialKind::Metal(Metal { albedo: materail_color, fuzz: 0.00001 })
+        } else {
+            MaterialKind::Dielectric(Dielectric { albedo: materail_color, refraction_index: 1./1.5 })
+        };
+
+        world.put(Box::new(Sphere::new(Point::new(x as f32, 0., z as f32), radius, Some(material))));
+    }
+}

src/material.rs

@@ -87,11 +87,6 @@ impl Material for Dielectric {
     fn scatter(&self, r_in: &Ray, hit_record: &mut HitRecord, attenuation: &mut Color, scattered: &mut Ray) -> bool {
 
         *attenuation = Color::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
-        let ri = if hit_record.front_face {
-            1.0 / self.refraction_index
-        } else {
-            self.refraction_index
-        };
 
         let unit_direction = r_in.direction.normalize();