diff --git a/src/Fbx2Raw.cpp b/src/Fbx2Raw.cpp
index b3ac439..8153183 100644
--- a/src/Fbx2Raw.cpp
+++ b/src/Fbx2Raw.cpp
@@ -458,10 +458,11 @@ static bool TriangleTexturePolarity(const Vec2f &uv0, const Vec2f &uv1, const Ve
 }
 
 static RawMaterialType
-GetMaterialType(const RawModel &raw, const int textures[RAW_TEXTURE_USAGE_MAX], const bool skinned)
+GetMaterialType(const RawModel &raw, const int textures[RAW_TEXTURE_USAGE_MAX], const bool vertexTransparency, const bool skinned)
 {
-    if ((raw.GetVertexAttributes() & RAW_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_COLOR) != 0) {
-        return skinned ? RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_VERTEX_COLORED : RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_VERTEX_COLORED;
+    // if there is vertex transparency, definitely transparent
+    if (vertexTransparency) {
+        return skinned ? RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_TRANSPARENT : RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_TRANSPARENT;
     }
 
     // Determine material type based on texture occlusion.
@@ -588,12 +589,8 @@ static void ReadMesh(RawModel &raw, FbxScene *pScene, FbxNode *pNode, const std:
             maybeAddTexture(matProps.texShininess, RAW_TEXTURE_USAGE_SHININESS);
         }
 
-        const RawMaterialType materialType = GetMaterialType(raw, textures, skinning.IsSkinned());
-        const int rawMaterialIndex = raw.AddMaterial(
-            materialName, shadingModel, materialType, textures,
-            toVec3f(ambient), toVec4f(diffuse), toVec3f(specular), toVec3f(emissive), shininess);
-
         RawVertex rawVertices[3];
+        bool vertexTransparency = false;
         for (int vertexIndex = 0; vertexIndex < 3; vertexIndex++, polygonVertexIndex++) {
             const int controlPointIndex = pMesh->GetPolygonVertex(polygonIndex, vertexIndex);
 
@@ -636,6 +633,9 @@ static void ReadMesh(RawModel &raw, FbxScene *pScene, FbxNode *pNode, const std:
             vertex.jointWeights = skinning.GetVertexWeights(controlPointIndex);
             vertex.polarityUv0  = false;
 
+            // flag this triangle as transparent if any of its corner vertices substantially deviates from fully opaque
+            vertexTransparency |= (fabs(fbxColor.mAlpha - 1.0) > 1e-3);
+
             rawSurface.bounds.AddPoint(vertex.position);
 
             if (skinning.IsSkinned()) {
@@ -690,6 +690,11 @@ static void ReadMesh(RawModel &raw, FbxScene *pScene, FbxNode *pNode, const std:
             rawVertexIndices[vertexIndex] = raw.AddVertex(rawVertices[vertexIndex]);
         }
 
+        const RawMaterialType materialType = GetMaterialType(raw, textures, vertexTransparency, skinning.IsSkinned());
+        const int rawMaterialIndex = raw.AddMaterial(
+            materialName, shadingModel, materialType, textures,
+            toVec3f(ambient), toVec4f(diffuse), toVec3f(specular), toVec3f(emissive), shininess);
+
         raw.AddTriangle(rawVertexIndices[0], rawVertexIndices[1], rawVertexIndices[2], rawMaterialIndex, rawSurfaceIndex);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Raw2Gltf.cpp b/src/Raw2Gltf.cpp
index 5e5d383..1dc3139 100644
--- a/src/Raw2Gltf.cpp
+++ b/src/Raw2Gltf.cpp
@@ -410,8 +410,6 @@ ModelData *Raw2Gltf(
         for (int materialIndex = 0; materialIndex < raw.GetMaterialCount(); materialIndex++) {
             const RawMaterial &material = raw.GetMaterial(materialIndex);
             const bool isTransparent =
-                           material.type == RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_VERTEX_COLORED ||
-                           material.type == RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_VERTEX_COLORED ||
                            material.type == RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_TRANSPARENT ||
                            material.type == RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_TRANSPARENT;
 
diff --git a/src/RawModel.h b/src/RawModel.h
index ec86746..e0b01b9 100644
--- a/src/RawModel.h
+++ b/src/RawModel.h
@@ -136,10 +136,8 @@ enum RawMaterialType
 {
     RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_OPAQUE,
     RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_TRANSPARENT,
-    RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_VERTEX_COLORED,
     RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_OPAQUE,
     RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_TRANSPARENT,
-    RAW_MATERIAL_TYPE_SKINNED_VERTEX_COLORED
 };
 
 struct RawMaterial